Formation · Runes

Galdr

The mathematical language of the void. Start with the formations — each one breaks a chapter's formulas into a four-step walk you can see happening. The runes are the vocabulary underneath, a click away when you need reminding.

🔮 Formation ↓ ᚱ Rune Quiz →

The nine formations

🪨

The Cairn

Kap 1

Describe the pile you already hold — its center, its spread, and whether two columns move together.

🏠

Probability House

Kap 3 + 4

Walk the cells. Every probability lives in a house of rows and columns.

⛓️

Drainage

Kap 3

The pool shrinks. nPr, nCr, and Nˢ — count the ways to draw.

⚖️

The Weighing Table

Kap 5 + 6

Variance and covariance. Measure distance from center, weight it, pile it up.

🔔

The Bell-Walk

Kap 7

Four distributions, one bell. Walk the curve from center to where you stand.

📐

Wobble Frame

Kap 8

Confidence intervals. The frame that holds the estimate with an explicit error rate.

📏

T_obs

Kap 9 + 10

Hypothesis testing. The gap between claim and handful, measured in wobbles.

📈

Enkel & Multippel Regresjon

Kap 11

Regression as convergence. Each predictor an arm of force — the center is ŷ.

🕸️

Structural Equation Models (SEM)

Kap 16

Latent constructs, loadings, mediation, and fit indices. Measure what you can't put a ruler to.